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Click from list below to see incompatibility chart
Oxidizer-Reducer Reactions
Toxic Gas Formation
Water & Moist Air Incompatibilities
Other non-Specific Reactions |
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OXIDIZER - REDUCER INCOMPATIBILITIES
When combined, strong oxidizers and reducers can result in a violent reaction.
Therefore, Contact between these chemicals Must Be Avoided.
Oxidizers:
Benzoyl peroxide
Bromine
Chloramides
Chlorimides
Hydrogen peroxide solutions
Metal peroxides (i.e. sodium, barium,
zinc)
NBS (N-bromosuccinimide)
NCS (N-chlorosuccinimide)
Osmium tetraoxide
Salts and Solutions of:
Bromates
Bromites
Chlorates
Chlorites
Chromates
Dichromates
Hypochlorites
Iodates
Manganates
Nitrates
Nitrites
Percarbonates
Perchlorates
Periodates
Permanganates
Persulfates
Selenates
Vanadates
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Reducers:
Group I metals: Cs, K, Li, Na, Rb and some of these salts
Group II metals: Be, Mg, Ca powder, and some salts of these metals, including Grignard reagents, Ba and Sr
Transition metals: Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, and V carbonyls
Al, Fe, Ni, Zn powders
Catalysts: Pd, Pt, Rh, and Ru
Others:
Alkenes
Alkynes
Amines
Anilines
Carbon powder
Hydrazine
Hydroxylamine
Indoles
Phenols
Pyrroles
Mercaptans
Phosphines
Phosphorous (any color)
Hydrides
Sulfides
Silicone hydrides
Sodium dithionite or hydrosulfite
Solid Salts and solution of:
Hypophosphites
Phosphites
Sulfites
Sulfides
Thiocyanates
Thiosulfates
Cyanides
Sulfur powder |
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TOXIC GAS GENERATION
Toxic gases can be produced when certain chemicals are mixed together, whether in a spill or breakage in a package.
The following table represents the production of these gases with respect to the chemicals used to produce them.
COMPOUND |
MIXED WITH |
PRODUCES |
Ammonium Salts |
Strong Base |
Ammonia |
Azide Salts |
Strong Acid |
Hydrazoic Acid |
Bromide Salts |
Strong Acid |
Hydrogen Bromide |
Bromide Salts |
Strong Oxidizer |
Bromine Vapor |
Bromites/Bromates |
Strong Acid |
Bromine/Bromine Oxides |
Chloride Salts |
Strong Acid |
Hydrogen Chloride |
Chloride Salts |
Strong Oxidizer |
Chlorine Gas |
Chlorite or Chlorate Salts |
Strong Acid |
Chlorine/Chlorine Oxides |
Cyanide Salts |
Any Acid |
Hydrogen Cyanide |
Ferrocyanide or Ferrocyanide Salts |
Strong Acid |
Hydrogen Cyanide |
Fluoride Salts |
Strong Acid |
Hydrogen Fluoride |
Hypochlorite Salts |
Any Acid |
Chlorine |
Iodide Salts |
Strong Acids |
Hydrogen Iodide |
Methyl, Nitroso Amides (Diazald) |
Any Base |
Diazomethane |
Nitrite Salts |
Strong Acid |
Nitric Oxides |
Sulfide or Bisulfide Salts |
Any Acid |
Hydrogen Sulfide |
Sulfite or Bisulfite Salts |
Any Acid |
Sulfur Dioxide |
WATER AND MOIST AIR INCOMPATIBILITIES
Certain chemicals used in laboratories have the potential to react with water.
Therefore such chemicals should not be kept in damp areas or in places where they might accidentally contact water.
Immediate Violent Reaction
with Water:
Aluminum chloride, anhydrous
Boron tribromide
Chlorosulfonic acid
Diketene
Fuming sulfuric acid (Oleum)
Magnesium chloride, anhydrous
Methyl fluorosulfonate
Oxalyl chloride
Phosphorus pentachloride
Phosphorus pentoxide
Silicon tetrachloride
Titanium tetrachloride
Triethyl oxonium hexafluorophosphate
Trifluoroacetic anhydride
Trimethyl oxonium hexafluorophosphate
Trifluoromethane sulfonic anhydride
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Immediate Violent Reaction with Water & Ignition in Air as a Result of Reaction:
Calcium carbide
Group 1A, 2A, 3A alkyls, amides, hydrides and nitrides
Lithium aluminum hydride (lithium tetrahidridoaluminate)
NaK (sodium-potassium alloy)
Potassium metal
Sodium metal
Absorption of Atmospheric Water Causes Heat &/or Pressure Build-up:
Alkyl chloroformates
Calcium chloride, anhydrous
Chloroacetone
Chloroacetaldehyde
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Reaction with Water that Slowly Accelerates to Violence:
Acetyl chloride
Alkyl isocyanates
Chloroformate esters
Methane sulfonyl chloride
Phosphorus tribromide
Phosphorus trichloride |
Absorption of Atmospheric Water Causes Slow Hydrogen Chloride Release:
Arsenic, antimony, and bismuth trichloride
Dichlorodimethyl silane
Silicon, titanium, vanadium, germanium, and tin tetrachloride, anhydrous
Toluenesulfonyl chloride |
Reaction with Water that Slowly Accelerates to Violence:
Sulfur mono-, di-, and tetra-chlorides
Sulfur trioxide
Sulfuryl chloride
Thionyl chloride
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Absorption of Atmospheric Water is Continually diluting salt:
Antimony trichloride
Ferric perchlorate
Mercuric nitrate
Sodium sulfide, nonanhydrate |
Produces Chlorine Spontaneously:
Sulfuryl chloride
Phosphorus pentachloride |
Self-Pressurizing:
Chloroformate esters
Chromic acid (spent)
Diethyl pyrocarbonate
Formic acid
Methyl formate
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Produces Chlorine Due to Water Absorption:
Calcium hypochlorite |
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Produces Chlorine Due to Carbon Dioxide Absorption:
Calcium hypochlorite
Sodium hypochlorite solution
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide in Dimethyl
htalate
Hydrogen peroxide solution
Pyruvic acid
Trichloromethyl
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OTHER SPECIFIC CHEMICAL INCOMPATIBILITIES
as Set Forth by the National Research Council, Washington D.C.
Chemical: |
Is Incompatible With: |
Acetic acid |
Chromic acid, nitric acid, hydroxyl compounds, ethylene glycol, perchloric acid, peroxides, permanganates |
Acetylene |
Chlorine, bromine, copper, fluorine, silver, mercury |
Acetone |
Concentrated nitric and sulfuric acid mixtures |
Alkali and alkaline earth (e.g.,
powdered aluminum
or magnesium, calcium, lithium, sodium, potassium) |
Water, carbon tetrachloride or other chlorinated metals hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, halogens |
Ammonia (anhydrous) |
Mercury (e.g., in nanometers), chlorine, calcium hypochlorite, iodine, bromine, hydrofluoric acid (anhydrous) |
Ammonium nitrate |
Acids, powdered metals, flammable liquids, chlorates, nitrates, sulfur, finely divided organic or combustible materials |
Aniline |
Nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide |
Arsenical materials |
Any reducing agent |
Azides |
Acids |
Bromine |
See Chlorine |
Calcium oxide |
Water |
Carbon (activated) |
Calcium hypochlorite, all oxidizing agents |
Carbon tetrachloride |
Sodium |
Chlorates |
Ammonium salts, acids, powdered metals, sulfur, finely divided organic or combustible materials |
Chromic acid and chromium
trioxide |
Acetic acid, naphthalene, camphor, glycerol, alcohol, flammable liquids in general |
Chlorine |
Ammonia, acetylene, butadiene, butane, methane, propane (or other petroleum gases), hydrogen, sodium carbide, benzene, finely divided metals turpentine |
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Chlorine dioxide |
Ammonia, methane, phosphine, hydrogen sulfide |
Copper |
Acetylene, hydrogen peroxide |
Cumene hydroperoxide |
Acids (organic or inorganic) |
Cyanides |
Acids |
Flammable liquids |
Ammonium nitrate, chromatic acid, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, sodium peroxide, halogens |
Fluorine |
Everything |
Hydrocarbons (e.g., butane,
propane, benzene) |
Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, chromic acid, sodium peroxide |
Hydrocyanic acid |
Nitric acid, alkali |
Hydrofluroic acid (anhydrous) |
Ammonia (aqueous or anhydrous) |
Hydrogen peroxide |
Copper, chromium, iron, most metals or their salts, alcohols, acetone, organic materials, aniline, nitromethane, combustible materials |
Hydrogen sulfide |
Fuming nitric acid, oxidizing gases |
Hypochlorites |
Acids, activated carbon |
Iodine |
Acetylene, ammonia (aqueous or anhydrous), hydrogen |
Mercury |
Acetylene, fulminic acid, ammonia |
Nitrates |
Sulfuric acid |
Nitric acid (concentrated) |
Acetic acid, aniline, chromic acid, hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen sulfide, flammable liquids, flammable gases, copper, brass, any heavy metals |
Nitrates |
Acids |
Nitroparaffins |
Inorganic bases, amines |
Oxalic acid |
Silver, mercury |
Oxygen |
Oils, grease, hydrogen, flammable liquids, solids, or gases |
Perchloric acid |
Acetic anhydride, bismuth and its alloys, alcohol, paper, wood, grease, oils |
Peroxides, (organic) |
Acids (organic or mineral), avoid friction, store cold |
Phosphorus (white) |
Air, oxygen, alkalis, reducing agents |
Phosphorus pentoxide |
Water |
Potassium |
Carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, water |
Potassium chlorate |
Sulfuric and other acids |
Potassium perchlorate (see also chlorates) |
Sulfuric and other acids |
Potassium permanganate |
Glycerol, ethylene glycol, benzaldehyde, sulfuric acid |
Selenides |
Reducing agents |
Silver |
Acetylene, oxalic acid, tartartic acid, ammonium compounds, fulmunic acid |
Sodium |
Carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, water |
Sodium nitrate |
Ammonium nitrate and other ammonium salts |
Sodium peroxide |
Ethyl or methyl alcohol, glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride, benzaldehyde, carbon disulfide, glycerin, ethylene glycol, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, furfural |
Sulfides |
Acids |
Sulfuric acid |
Potassium chlorate, potassium perchlorate, potassium permanganate (similar compounds of light metals, such as sodium, lithium) |
Tellurides |
Reducing agents |
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